The Russian Navy has taken strategic steps to fortify its Project 22160 patrol ships with cutting-edge air defense systems, namely the Tor-M2KM surface-to-air missile system. This move signifies a proactive response to contemporary challenges posed by advanced anti-ship missiles. The decision to outfit these patrol ships with the Tor-M2KM highlights a pivotal realization within the Russian Navy: existing ship-based air defense systems were inadequate against modern threats. After the sinking of the Moskva, the Russian Navy began attaching Tor-M2 km missile systems onto the helicopter decks of the patrol ships. Recent developments underscore a deliberate effort to enhance the vessels’ air defense capabilities.
Project 22160 patrol ships, designed for diverse maritime roles including monitoring, protection, and patrol duties in various sea conditions, are undergoing augmentation. Equipped with an arsenal encompassing the Kalibr-NK cruise missile, the AK-176 76.2 mm dual-purpose naval gun, aerosol camouflage, grenade launchers, and machine guns, these vessels boast a multifaceted operational profile. Additionally, they feature a helicopter deck and hangar accommodating helicopters like the Ka-27 or Ka-226, a landing speedboat, and provisions for drones, underwater unmanned craft, and unmanned boats. Issues such as insufficient seaworthiness, light armor, and inadequate air defenses prompted a reevaluation of the vessels’ configurations.
The Tor-M2KM Air Defense System, developed by Air Defence “Almaz-Antey” and Izhevsk Electromechanical Factory “Dome,” stands as a formidable defense against various aerial threats. Its modular construction allows versatile deployment on diverse platforms to meet specific operational requirements. Comprising an Autonomous Combat Module (ABM) and an Anti-aircraft Missile Module (AMS), each equipped with four anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) 9M331D, this system showcases robust capabilities. The ABM, boasting a standalone unit housing target detection, escort and guidance systems, control and monitoring equipment, and autonomous power supply, is capable of engaging up to four air targets simultaneously.
Its offers the capability to detect and process up to 48 targets, prioritizing the ten most critical threats. Furthermore, its equipment is shielded against modern interferences and can operate within a unified command structure. The ABM’s agile installation, facilitated by quick-release brackets and its independent gas turbine power source, underscores its adaptability across diverse platforms. Augmented by a modern navigation system compatible with GPS and GLONASS, precise location determination enhances its operational efficacy. The ABM weighs no more than 15 tons and can be installed on platforms using special, quick-release brackets. Recent developments have seen Russia equipping its landing ships with the Tor-M2KM systems to strengthen their air defenses.
